|
The Ottawa Treaty, the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, or often simply referred to as the Mine Ban Treaty, but officially known as the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction, aims at eliminating anti-personnel landmines (AP-mines) around the world. To date, there are 162 States Parties to the treaty. One state has signed but not ratified (The Marshall Islands) while 34 UN states including the United States, Russia and China are non-signatories, making a total of 35 United Nations states not party.〔ICBL Website, www.icbl.org〕 == Chronology〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.icbl.org/index.php/icbl/Treaty/MBT/Ban-History )〕 == 1939 Landmines are first used widely in World War II. 1977 During the Geneva Convention, one provision is amended to prohibit the targeting of civilian populations by indiscriminate weapons in wartime. 1980 The Convention on Conventional Weapons limits the use of landmines against persons. 1991 Six NGOs supporting a ban of landmines begin organizing ICBL (The International Campaign to Ban Landmines). 1993 The first international meeting of NGOs is held in London. The ICBL issues the study ''Landmines:A deadly Legacy.'', and the US Department of State publishes its report ''Hidden Killer: The Global Problem with Uncleared Landmines''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.icbl.org/index.php/icbl/About-Us/History )〕 1995 The first national law to ban antipersonnel is passed in Belgium. 1996 Canada launches the Ottawa process to ban landmines by hosting a meeting among like-minded, anti-landmine states. 1997 Mine Ban Treaty is adopted and opened for signature. Jody Williams and the ICBL are awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. 1998 By securing the 40th ratification of Mine Ban Treaty, the treaty comes into effect and the ICBL launches ''Landmine Monitor''. 1999 Mine Ban Treaty becomes binding international law on 1 March 1999. 2003 First stockpile destruction deadlines are set by all states parties with stockpiles. 2012 20th anniversary of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.icbl.org/index.php/icbl/Library/News-Articles/ICBL_Chronology_20years )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ottawa Treaty」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|